The source of infection is the excreta of infected individuals or convalescent carriers. Direct spread is by the fecal-oral route; indirect spread, by contaminated food and inanimate objects. Water-borne disease is unusual. Flies serve as mechanical vecto
The sinuses are protected against infection by mucociliary action. The normal mucus produced by the sinuses is removed through small openings into the nose called ostia. When the ciliary action is impaired or the ostia are obstructed, mucus can accumulate
A newborn baby's eyes may wander but should be 'straight' and work together by 6 weeks of age. If by then the eyes are still crossed, the infant will not outgrow the squint. If one eye is constantly deviated, suppression amblyopia will develop. Treatment
The infection is particularly commno. The adult worm inhabits the human intestinal tract. The worm its typical ribbo shape and measures 4.5 to 9 m (15 to 30 ft). Egg-bearing proglottids are passed in the stool and ingested by cattle. The eggs hatch in the
T.solium infections are common. The adult T.solium measures 2.5 to 3 m (8 to 10 ft) in length and comprises a scolex armed with several hooklets and a body composed of 1000 proglottids. The life cycle resembles that of T.saginata except that hogs rather t
Tetanus is caused by an exotoxin elaborated by Clostridium tetani. Tetanus may follow trivial as well as overtly contaminated wounds, drug addicts in particular are prone to develop tetanus, as are patients with burns or surgical wounds. Infection may als